Gas-generator.



.No. 834,109. PATENTED OGT. 23, 1906.

- I G. GOTHRAN.

' GAS GENERATOR. AHLIOATIOKIILED min. 1905.

9 SHEETS-SHEETI.

THE mamas PETERS cm, wnsnmarou, n. c.

PATBNTED OCT. 23, 1906.

G.COTHR-AN. GAS GENERATOR. APPLICATION TILED JULYG. i905;

THE mmms PETERS cu., wAsl-lmaromw. r.

, G. OOTHRA-N.

.GAS GENERATOR. APPLICATION FILED JULY 6. 1905.

PATENTE'DIOGT. 23, 1906.

'9 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

j w "if,

v PATENTED 0012s, 1906, e. ,GOTHRAN'. I

GAS GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 6. 1905.

9 SHEETS-SHEET '6 I I. .31 1241? 7 I34 "5 {MI/5 mesaee'.

YJlhM PATENTBD OCT. 23, -1906.

G; GOTHRAN.

GAS GENERATOR. APPLICATION Hum JULY 6. 1905.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

1h: Mom": Pzrtns co., wAalmvcmu, o. c.

"T -N0. 83 L109. I PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906.

' G. GOTHRAN.

GAS GENERATOR.

AI PLIOATIOH FILED JULY 6. 1905.

9 SHEETSSHEBT 8.

L- .Lnverrrm M tnaeb e No. 834.109. PA-TENTED OCT. 23, 1906.

G. GOTHRAN.

GAS GENERATOR.

APPLICATION TILED JULY 6, 1905.

Tu: NORRIS Flrnu cm. wnsmusrou, 0 c4 9 SHEETS-SHEET 9. v

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GROVE COTHRA'N, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO CHICAGO TITLE ANDTRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

GAS-GEN ERATOR.

Patented Oct. 23, 1906.

T allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GROVE COTHRAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago,

' in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Generators, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates'more particularly to an apparatus designed forthe manufacture of carbureted water gas for heating and illuminatingpurposes, and has for its objects to construct an apparatus by'means ofwhich a longer period of time for generating the gas can be obtainedunder one firing and by which an increase of the quantity of gasproduced from the liquid hydrocarbon and incandescent materials 'can belargely increased; toconstruct an apparatus the several parts of whichare located and arranged in a compact form and so that the apparatus forgenerating the gas will occupy but a small space as compared with theordinary generators of gas apparatus; toenable the steam to besuperheated from the heat of the generator and to be projected with aquantity of oil or other liquid hydrocarbon into the generator forvaporization purposes; to inject steam with a small uantity of air belowthe fire-box to pass up t rough the incandescent material in such manneras to thoroughly disintegrate the steam and maintain the coal or cokewithin the furnace at an incandescent heat for an increased period oftime as,compared with the time ordinarily obtained in gas-generating aparatus; to enable air to be utilized for b owing up the coal or cokeand afterthe condition of the fuel has reached the incandescent pointclose the air-supply and admit steam with a small quantity of airthrough the blowpipe for the steam and air to pass up through the fuelinto the generat ing-chamber for mixture with 'the vaporized oil orother hydrocarbon; to improve the construction and arrangement of thegeneratingchamber, by which the eduction of the vapor to form the gaswill be attained at a point below the apex of the fire-chamber, wherebyincreased heating effect is obtained for vaporizing and fixing purposes;to inject oil and steam into the. vaporizing-chamber for producing thevapor for the gas under conditions by which a thorough vaporization willtake place before the vapor is ejected from the vaporizing-chamber atthe apex of the firechamber into the final fixing-chamber; to

furnish a passage-way for the travel of the vapor from the fire-chamberto the point of exit from the final fixing-chamber, by which the vaporwill be maintained under the effects of greater heat for an increasedperiod of time, therebyproducing a permanent and fixed gas, free fromthe vaporous matter, before the delivery into the water seal, making thegas of greater permanency, and reducing at the same time the by-productsby the more thorough gasification of oils and other hydrocarbons; tobring the vaporized oil or hydrocarbon from the vaporizing-chamber topass through the upper portion of the fire or fuel chamber incontactwith the fuel for the more volatile portions to pass out through theeducting flues or conduits into the final fixing-chamber, where all thevaporous products will be removed, leaving only the permanent gas; toburn in the fuel or fire chamber more or less of the residuum andnon-gaseous products of the oils or liquid hydrocarbons, therebyproducing heat, which assists in maintaining the heat in the generatorfor vaporizing the oils or hydrocarbons before passing into the finalfixing-chamber, thus enabling the generator to be operated with a lessquantity of'fuel than-ordinarily required for the purpose; to increaseand maintain the heat within the fire or fuel chamber by the residuumand heavy products of the oils or hydrocarbons In the drawings, Figure 1is a front eleva- 7 tion of an arrangement showing two generators and awater seal and embodying the fea-' tures of the invention; Fig. 2, asimilar view to Fig. 1 with the air and steam pipes removed; Fig. 3, across-section on line 3 \of Fig. 1 looking in the'direction of thearrow; Fig. 4, a sectional elevation of one of the generators; Fig. 5, across-section on line 5 of Fig. 4 Fig. 6, a cross-section on line 6ofFig.

4; Fig. 7, a cross-section on line 7 of Fig. 4; Fig. 8, a cross-sectionon line 8 of Fig. 4; Fig. 9, a cross-section on line 9 of Fig. 4; Fig.10, a oross-section on line 10 of Fig. 4; Fig. 11, a cross-section online 11 of Fig. 4; Fig. 12, a detail in section on line 12 of Fig. 4;Fig. 13, a detail showing the air and steam pipes; Fig. 14, a plan view,partly in section, of the supply-pipe for steam and light hydrocarbons;Fig. 15, a detail, partly in section, of the inj ecting-pipe for heavycarbons; and Fig. 16, a detail, partly in section, showing thesight-opening passage of the final fixingchamber.

The construction and arrangement shown employs two generators, each,however, of the same formation, so that a description in detail of agenerator will describe the two.

i The generator is formed of a base or lower portion 1, a central orintermediate portion 2, and a top or upper portion 3, and preferably iscylindrical in cross-section. The several portions are of fire-brickfrom the top of the generator to the bottom thereof, and at the bottomof the generator is a closure 4 of fire-brick located above asupporting-plate 5, preferably of steel, and having a depending annularrim 6, through which and the lower edge of an inelosing or inoasingcylinder 7, also preferably of steel, rivets 8 pass, securing the bottomplate to the inoasing or inclosing cylinder 7 for the base of thegenerator. The center or intermediate section or division of thegenerator is incased or inclosed within a cylinder 9, also preferably ofsteel, secured at its lower edge within the upper edge of the cylinder 7by rivets 10 or otherwise in the arrangement shown. The top or upperportion of the generator is incased or inclosed by a cylinder 11, alsopreferably of steel, the lower edge of which is attached to the upperedge of the cylinder 9 by rivets 12 in the'arrangement shown. Thecylinder 11 extends above the closure-top 13 of the generator proper andforms a chamber 14, which is filled with sand and asbestos 15, forheatretaining purposes at the top of the generator proper. A cap-plateor cover 16 is attached to the upper edge of the cylinder 11 by anangle-iron band 17 and rivets 18, passing through the band 17 and thewall of the cylinder 11, and by rivets 19, passing through the band andthe plate or cap 16 in the form of construction shown.

- The base 1 has located therein an ash-pit 20, leading from which onone side is an exit or opening 21, surrounded by a casing 22, at tachedby rivets 23 or otherwise to the cylinder 7 and having hinged to thecasing a door 24, secured by a locking bar or latch 25, as usual, forclosing the exit or opening 21 and allowing access to the ash-pit whenthe door is opened for removing the ashes. A sightopening 26 is formedin the wall of the base 1 and through the cylinder 7, which opening isencircled by a flange 27, having a glass, as usual, and attached to thecylinder 7 by rivets 28 or otherwise, through which opening aninspection of the ash-pit can be had without opening the door of theash-pit.

A fuel or fire chamber 29 is formed partly in the base 1 and partly inthe intermediate or central section 2 of the generator, and this fire orfuel chamber 29 is in the form, preferably, of a truncated cone, widerat the base than at the top. A passage 30 leads from the base of thefire or fuel chamber on one side and extends through the cylinder 7 ofthe base and is encircled by a casing 31, attached to the cylinder 7 byrivets 32 or otherwise, and the casing has hinged thereto a door 33,having a locking latch or bar 34, as usual, so that by opening the dooraccess can be had to the lower portion or base of the fire or fuelchamber and by closing the door the fire or fuel chamber will becompletely closed. A sight-passage 35 is located in the wall of thecentral section or division of the generator and opens into the upperportion of the fire or fuel chamber, and leads through the cylind er 9and is encircled by a flange 36, having a glass and secured to thecylinder 9 by rivets 37 or otherwise. This sight opening or passageenables an inspection of the upper portion of the fuel-chamber to beobtained for ascertaining the condition of the fuel or incandescentmaterial. A grate, consisting of rocking bars 38, is located between theash-pit and the bottom of the fire or fuel chamber, each grate having abearing portion 39 with a pivot 40 at each end supported in a crossplate or bar 41, mounted. on the side walls 42 of the ash-pit, and therocking bars are actuated by means of depending arms and aconnecting-rod 43, through a rod 44, projecting out through the wall ofthe base and the cylinder 7 and. connected with a lever 45 by a pivot 46with the lever at its fixed end attached by a pivot 47 to a bracket 48,having an ear 49, by means of which and a rivet 50 or otherwise thebracket is attached to the cylinder 7, so that by moving the lever orarm 45 the rod or bar 44 will be reciprocated. to rock the bars of thegrate, as usual.

A central annular wall 51 extends up from the open apex end of the fireor fuel chamber 29 and terminates in the top plane of the filling of thechamber 14, and this wall incloses or surrounds the vaporizing-chamber52 of the generator. A metal tube 53 in the arrangement shown extends upfrom the top of the wall 52 and incloses or surrounds a passage 54,forming a continuation of the eha1nber 52, and this tube 53 is attachedto the top plate 16 by an angle-collar 55 and rivets 56 and 57, entered,respectively, into the top plate 16 and the wall of the tube 53; but thetube could be otherwise held in position. A funnel-shaped top 58, havinga ring or band 59 at its lower edge, is attached by rivets 60,

passing through the band and the wall of the tube,,and into this top isentered a cover 61, having a central pin 62 with an eye 63, receiving achain 64, attached to a pin 65 of a liftinglever 66, supported by a pinor pivot 67 on a standard or upright 68, attachedby bolts 69 orotherwise to a support 70, extending laterally from the cap 58 in thearrangement shown. The cap 61 is raised for the purpose of chargingthefuel or fire chamber with the fuel, such: as coal or coke, which isdeposited in the fuel or fire chamber through the passage 54 and chamber52, and after charging the generator with the fuel the cap 61 is closedand remains closed during the operation of the generator in producingthe gas.

A series of openings or outlets 71 is formed in the wall of the fire orfuel chamber below the top thereof, and these outlets or openings 71each lead into an upwardly-extending flue or passage 7 2, each of whichhas anopening or mouth 7 3, leading into an annular passage 7 4,surrounding the wall 5 1 of the initial fixingchamber, and in. thisannular passage is located checker-work 75 which terminates below thetop 13 of the brickwork of the generator, leaving. a passage or chamber76 over an annular checker-work 7,7 located in an annular passage 78,separated from the annular passage 74 by a wall 79,-.the topof which inthe form shown is in, the plane of the top of the checkenwork 75 and 77,The wall of the central or intermediate section 2 of the generator has,formed therein, on'one. side in line with the annular passage 78, adepression 80, which communicates with-a lateral passage or outlet 81,formed in the wall of the generator and leading through the inclosingcylinder 9 and furnishing an outlet for the gas from the finalfixing-chamber, formed of the annular passages 7 1 and 78 and thecheckerwork 75 and 7 7 the checker-work furnishing a retarding of theflow ofthe vapor in its passage to the outlet 81, by which the generatedgas will be subjectedto heat so as to remove the vaporous portion,leaving only the permanent gas. 4

A flange 82; surrounds the outlet or'. dis charge opening 81 for thepermanent gas, and this flange is attached to the shell or cylinder 9.by rivets 83,0r votherwise and; has entered thereinto: a nipple or. pipe.8 1, the

other end of-which is entered into ;a coupling .85, having a nipple 86,to which is attached a valve 8.7 leading.from whichis a,;pipe:88,,forming thedirect-draft forblowing up or starting vthe -,generator. Aleverv 89 is attached by a pivot 90 to the stem 91 of the valve'gate,and this lever 89 is attached by a. pin or.pivot92 to a pin or pivot 94to cars or a shoulder on the casing of the valve, so that by' moving thelever 89 the gate of the valve can be operated to open or close thedirect draft of the pipe --or tube88 from the fuel or fire chamber ofthe water seal.

link 93, attached by a the generator. The coupling 85 has a nipple 95entered into one side thereof, and the nip-. ple isalso entered into acoupling 96, so thatv the nipple 84, coupling 85, nipple 95, andcoupling 9.6, when the gate of the valve 87 is closed, furnish. aconduit for the permanent gas from the final fixing-chamber of the 1generator. A nipple 97 connects the coupling 96 with a coupling 98, andthe coupling 98 is connected by a nipple 99 with a flange .100, attachedby rivets .101 or otherwise to the top'of thecylinder 102 of the waterseal.

A supply-pipe 103 for the water to the seal. enters the cylinder 102adjacent to the top in the arrangement shown, and a; pipe 104. leadsfrom the top of the cylinder 102 for conducting the gas from the waterseal to the point. of final mani ulation; Thev cylinder- 102 of thewater sea has a manhole orhandhole 105, closed by a cover 106, securedby a locking latch or .catch 107, and through which hole the depositedtarand other heavy substances or material can be removed from A trap 108is connected with the water seal. at the point for the desired:

height ofwater, and this trap has a valve 109 with a stern 110, bymeansof which the wa-. tercan be withdrawn, s'o asto maintain the levelfor the water in the seal, as usual.

An air-pipe 111 in the arrangement shown is located in front of thegenerators and has a T-coupling 11.2, connected with which is apipe.113, leading from the source of air-sup ply, which maybe an aircompressor or fan that will furnish air to the pipe 111 under a.pressure of three pounds more or less.

The air-pi e111 has two couplings 114, with eachof which is connected arelief or blow-off pipe.

115, one pipe for each generator. The com-- munication between thecoupling 114and pipe 1 15 controlled by a valve 1 16, the gate of whichis actuated by alever 117, essentially as described for the operation ofthe gate of the valve 87.

The air-pipe 111 has two couplings 118, from each of which leads .a pipe1 19, one pipe'for each generator, and the communication between eachcoupling 118 andits pipe 119 is controlled by. a valve1-20, the gate ofwhich is actuated by a lever 121, essentially as described for theoperation of" the valve 87. A steam-supply pipe 122 isv entered intoeach end of. the. air-supply pipe I.

a valve 124 in the arrangement shown.

,at the couplings 118, andthis steam-supply pipe foreach side thereofhas a valve-123 and The .endof the coupling 118 receiving the steam- 1supply pipe 122 has areducing-plug 125,and

adjacent to the reducing-plug in the steamsupply pipe is a valve 126 forcontrolling the air at the point of admission into the pipe 122. Thesteam-pipe 122 adjacent to the valve 126 has a T-coupling. 127, leadingfrom which is a pipe 128, which enters the pipe 119 at a point-above thecontrolling-valve 120,

,and communication .for the pipe 128 with the steam-supply pipe iscontrolled by a valve 129, so that by closing the valve 126 and openingthe valve 129 steam can be supplied direct to the pipe or tube 119 abovethe controlling-valve 120 thereof, or by closing the valve 129 andopening the valve 126 and opening the valve 120 steam and air-commingled can be supplied to the pipe 119, as may be desired.

The steam-supply pipe 122 has a nipple 130, leading from which is a pipe131, connected at its upper end to a short pipe or nipple 132, whichenters a reducer 133, attached to a flange 134, secured by rivets orotherwise to the metal cylinder 11 of the upper section or portion ofthe generatorcasing. A flange 136, attached by rivets 137 or otherwiseto the inner face of the metal cylinder 11, receives a nipple 138,entered into a coupling 139 on a nipple 140, entered into an elbow 141,leading from which is a coil-pipe 142, the other end of which enters anelbow 143, attached by a nipple 144 to a coupling 145, leading fromwhich is a nipple 146, entered into a flange 147, attached by rivets 148or otherwise to the inner face of the cylinder 11, and a flange 149 isattached by rivets 150 to the outer face of the cylinder 11 and receivesa reducer 151, into which is entered a'nipple 152, connected with aValve 153, having a stem 154, and the valve 153 is connected by a nipple155 with a T- coupling 156, leading out from which is a pipe 157, whichextends to the pipe 122 for the steam. The coil-pipe 1.42 is of greatercapacity than the supply-pipe for steam thereto and the discharge-pipefor steam therefrom, and this coil-pipe 142 is located in the chamber14, where it is subject to the heat of the generator, so that steamsupplied thereto will become superheated when discharged theretrom intothe lead-pipe 157, giving superheated steam for action in cutting thecoil or other liquid hydrocarbon. A good ratio of proportions betweenthe steamsupply and steam-discharge pipes and the coil 1.42 is ahalf-inch pipe for the steam supply and discharge pipes and a two-inchpipe for the coil; but these proportions can be varied so long as thecapacity of the coil is an increased one as compared with the supply anddischarge pipes, so as to furnish an excess of steam within thecoil-pipe, by which the superheating of the steam will be positivelyeflected, as the discharge through the smaller pipe will insure adetention of a body of steam within the coil to become superheated.

The discharge or lead pipe 157 has a T- shaped coupling 158, leadingfrom which is a pipe 159, having therein a valve 160 with a stem 161 forclosing communication through the pipe. The pipe 159 leads into acoupling 162, into which is entered the end of an oil orliquid-hydrocarbon supply pipe 163, having a valve 164 with a stem 165for controlling the passage of oil through the pipe. A pipe 166 leadsfrom the T-coupling and is connected by an elbow with a nipple or shortpipe 167, entered into a reducer 168, attached to a flange 169, securedby rivets 170 or otherwise to the shell or cylinder 1 1, inclosing theupper portion of the generator. The flange 169 is attached in line witha conduit or passage 171, formed within the wall of the generator andterminating at its inner end through the wall 51, and in this conduit orpassage 171 is located a discharge-pipe 172 in line with the reducer andterminating just short of the end of the conduit or passage, in whichpipe or tube the steam cuts the liquid hydrocarbon for discharge intothe vaporizing-chamber to strike the heated wall of such chamber andbecome broken up and vaporized by the combined eflects of the heat andcontact with the wall. A T-coupling 173 is located in the pipe 157 andhas connected thereto one end of a pipe 174, having a valve 175 with avalve-stem 176, and this pipe 174 is entered into a coupling 177, intowhich is entered the lower end of a supply-pipe 178 for tar or otherheavy inflammable or liquid hydrocarbon. The pipe 178 has a valve 179with a valve-stem 180 for controlling the passage of the tar or otherheavy hydrocarbon liquid. A pipe 18]. leads from the coupling 177 and isconnected with a nipple 182, entered into a reducer 183, connected witha flange 184, attached. by rivets or otherwise to the cylinder 11 of theinclosing casing or shell of the generator. A conduit or passage 186 isformed in the wall of the generator, its inner end terminating throughthe wall 51, and this conduit or passage is in line with the flange andhas located therein a tube 187 in line with the reducer and terminatingat its inner end short of the inner end of the conduit or passage andthrough which tar or other heavy liquid hydrocarbon commingled withsuperheated steam can be discharged into the vaporizing-chamber 52,striking the wall 51 and becoming broken up IIO and vaporized by theheat and contact to descend into the fuel or fire chamber.

The lower end of the pipe 157 is attached to a coupling 188, connectedby a nipple 189 with a Valve 190, having a stem 191, and the valve isconnected by a nipple 192 with a T- coupling 193 on the steam-supplypipe 122, so that by opening the valve direct steam can be supplied tothe pipe 157 without passing through the superheating-coil. A pipe 194leads from the coupling 156 and has a valve 195 with a stem 196 and isconnected by an elbow with a pipe 197 entered into a reducer 198 in theend of a coupling 199 at the upper end of the pipe 119, so thatsuperheating-steam can be supplied into the coupling from thesuperheated coil. A nipple or short pipe 200 is entered into thecoupling 199 and is connected with a flange 201, attached by rivets 202or otherwise to the outer face of the cylinder 11 of the shell or casingof the generator, and a flange 203, in line with the flange 201 ,isattached by rivets 204 or otherwise to the inner face of the cylinder 11and has connected therewith a nipple 205, entered into an elbow 206, to

which is connected a nipple 207, entered into center or intermediatesection of the generator and extends through the plate or cylinder 9 ofthe inclosing casing or shell and is encircled by a flange 212, having aglass and attached by rivets 213 or otherwise to the cylinder 9, andthis passage or openin enables an inspection of the final fixing-c amberto be obtained, as required. Apassage 214 is formed in the wall of theupper section of the generator and extends through the plate or cylinder11 of the inclosing shell or casing and is surrounded by a flange 215,having a glass and attached by rivets 216 or otherwiseto the cylinder,and this passage enables the vaporizing-chamber to be inspected as maybe required. An opening 217 is formed through the wall of the ash-pitand the plate or cylinder 7 and is surrounded at its outer end by aflange 218, attached by rivets 219 or otherwise to the cylinder 7, andthis flange has entered thereinto a plug 220 for closing the opening orhole 217, which opening or hole is for the purpose of furnishing a draftto maintain the-fuel in the firechamber at norrr al condition when thegenerator is not in operation.

After the fire or fuel chamber has been charged with the fuel air isadmitted into the pipe 119 by opening the valve 120, and this air passesup the pipe 119 and through the connection with the coupling 199 entersthe pipe 209 and is discharged into the ash-pit below the grate to passup through the fuel on the grate in the fire-pot or fuel-chamber and outthrough the passage 81 into the draft-pipe 88, t e valve 87 of which isopen, and the blast is continued until the furnace or generator isbrought to the incandescent condition for the fuel, and the vaporizingand fixing chambers are thoroughly incandescent for the operation ofvaporizing and forming the'permanent gas. The steam during the initialheating of the generator to an incandescent state is shut off, and whenthe incandescent condition is reached the air-supply through the pipe119 is completely shut off and a small amount of air is admitted to thepipe 1 19 by opening the valve 126 for the air to enter the coupling andpass into the down pipe or flue 209 for discharge into the ash-pit. Thevalve 123 of the steam-supply pipe 122 is then opened, and the valve 124of that pipe and the valve 190 of the pipe 157 are closed, so that steamwill pass up through the pipe 131 and enter the coil 142 and becomesuperheated in its passage throu h the coil and into the discharge-pipe157 or operation on the oil or hydrocarbon. The valve in the pipe 159 isthen opened for oil or liquid hydrocarbon and the valve in the pipe 174is closed but for tar or heavy hydrocarbon the valve in the pipe 159 isclosed and the valve in the pipe 17 4 is opened.

The oil or light hydrocarbon is fed into the coupling 162 from the pipe163, and steam is also supplied to the coupling through the pipe 159 forthe oil and steam to commingle and the steam to cut the oil anddischarge the combined oil and steam into the vaporizing-chamber 52 tobe broken up and partially vaporized in such chamber. The

valve 195 is opened, allowing superheated steam to enter the coupling199 to commingle with the air-supplyfrom the pipe/'1 19 and for thecombined steam and air to pass out through the pipe or flue 209 into theash-pit and ascend through the fuel or incandescent material on thegrate and within the fuel or fire chamber, and by this arrangementenough air is admitted with the steam to maintain the incandescentcondition of the fuel for a longer period of time than would be the caseif steam without the air was only supplied to pass through the fuel orincandescent material. The disintegrated steam and the vapor from thevaporizing-chamber are brought together in the upper portion of the fuelor fire chamber and commingles at the point of discharge from the fuelor fire chamber through the passages 71 into the passages 72, enteringthe passage or chamber 74 and passing up through the checker-work intothe passage or chamber 76 and down through the checker-work 77 to thedischarge opening or passage 81, and during such passage the gaseousvapor is subjected to the heat of the walls and checker-work from thepoint of admission in the, chamber or passage 74 to the point ofdischarge at the mouth or opening 81, thereby changing the vaporouscondition into that of a permanent gas when leaving the generator topass to the water seal. The operation of admitting oil or liquidhydrocarbon is continued until the inthe pipe 119, as already described,the steam being shut off during the operation of blowing up theincandescent material in the generator. The blast is again shut off whenthe incandescent condition is reached and the supply of oil or liquidhydrocarbon and steam is again introduced into the initialfixing-chamber under the conditions described, producing vapor and apermanent gas, and these operations can be continued until the amount ofgas required has been generated and stored in the holder or otherwisedistributed. Y

' The heavy residuum of the oil or liquid hydrocarbon descending fromthe vaporizing-chamber'into the incandescent material is subjected toheat and is consumed, thereby assisting the incandescent material inmaintaining the heat in the generator for vaporizing the oil or liquidhydrocarbon for a longer period of time than can be obtained in theoperation of an ordinary generator, and at the same time the heavyportions of the oils or liquid hydrocarbon are destroyed and do not passinto the final fixing-chamber to any great extent, so that in the finalfixing-chamber all that is treated is the vaporous product from the oilor liquid hydrocarbon, with the result of leaving only a permanent gasfor final discharge, as the purely vaporous portions are removed in thepassage through the final fixing-chamber. It will thus be seen that bydischarging the hydrocarbon vapor at a point below the apex or upper endof the fuel or fire chamber the heavy products or portions of the oilsor liquid hydrocarbons are burned and destroyed, leaving only the vaportopass into the final fixing-chamber for gasification. The delivering orforcing of the vapor and the products from the oil or liquid hyrdocarbonto discharge at a point below the top or apex end of the fuel-chambergives an increase in the amount of vapor produced and also adds aheating material in the shape of the heavy consumable products bywhichthe heat of the generator is maintained Without additional fuel and fora longer period of time than the ordinary practice in operatinggas-generators.

The operation where tar or heavy hydro carbons are used is precisely thesame as described for the operation of oils or liquid hydrocarbons, thetar or heavy oils or hydrocarbons being introduced into thevaporizing-chamber to vaporize the same and have the heavy portions andthe vapor pass into thefuel or into the incandescent material in thefuel or fire chamber and out through the final fixing-chamber, theheavier portions adding materially to maintain the heat of thegenerator, as already described.

It will be seen that with the gas-generator of the present invention aperfect control of air under pressure for blowing up or bringing thefurnace to an incandescent condition is obtained by forcing the air intothe ash-pit to pass up through the incandescent material or fuel in thefire-chamber, that after the furnace is brought to the incandescentstate or condition the supply of air can be reduced to a minimumpressure and steam can be passed through a superheating-eoil for aportion thereof to commingle or combine with the small amount ofadmitted air under pressure to pass into the ash-pit and up through theincandescent material or fuel in the fire or fuel chamber, for the steamto be disintegrated into its component elements, and for the smallsupply of air to maintain. the incandescent condition of the fuel ormaterial in the fire-chamber and the furnace or generator at anincandescent heat for a much longer period of time than can be attainedwhere steam alone is passed through incandescent material or fuel; thatthe superheated steam can be brought into contact with the supply of oilor other liquid hydrocarbon to cut the oil or other liquid hydrocarbonfor discharge into the vaporizing-chamber above and in directcommunication with the incandescent material or fuel in the fire or fuelchamber for the oil to be vaporized and passed down into theincandescent material or fuel; that the disintegrated steam and thevaporized oil or other liquid hydrocarbon are brought together in theupper portion of the fire or fuel chamber and within the body of theincandescent material or fuel, subject to the intense heat of theincandescent material or fuel, by which a thorough and effectualvaporization of the ingredients is positively secured; that the producedvapor passes from the mass or body of incandescent material or fuel intoa final fixing-chamber and in its passage through such chamber is brokenup, deflected, and its travel retarded, so as to subject the vapor tothe heat of the fixing-chamber for a sufficient period of time by whichthe non-gaseous or non-inflammable vaporous portions will beobliterated, leaving only a fixed permanent gas for delivery to thewater seal, and that the heavy portions or residuum of the oil or otherliquid hydrocarbon are brought into direct contact with the incandescentmaterial or fuel and add to the heating properties of the furnace andassist in maintaining the generator in its gas-produ 0- ing state orcondition for a greater period of time than would be the case if theby-products or residuum were not carried into the fire or fuel chamber.The vaporizing within the mass or body of the incandescent material orfuel increases the volume of vapor and gas produced, and the adding ofthe inflammable portions of the heavy products or residuum to theincandescent material or fuel gives an increase in the output of gas, aswell as insuring the production of a fixed permanent gas for furthertreatment in making a heating or illuminating gas. The heavy byproductsor residuum passing into the incandescent material or fuel enables thestarting tails of construction, it is not intended thereby to limit theconstruction any morethan or blowing up of the furnace to itsincandescent condition to be more rapidly and easily consumed, as theinflammable by-products or residuum will burn very quickly and readilyand by their heat cause a more rapid bringing of the furnace and theincandescent material or fuel to the operating condition for making gas.While the apparatus has been described with more or less particularityasregards deis pointed out in the claims, as changes in formandarrangementof the air-supply, and the steam-supply can be variedwithoutdeparting from the, -spirit of the invention, so onglas thefurnace or generator has therein a a fireor fuel. chamber for theincandescent material orfuel, with a direct lead thereinto from avaporizingchamber and an outlet therefrom below the top of theincandescent material or fuel into a final fixing-chamber for deliveringonly a fixed and permanent gas from the final fixing-chamber for furthermanipulation. I

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1., In a gas-generator, the combination of a conical fire-pothavingbelow its apex end and within the transverse plane of theupperportion of the fuel lateral passages each passage opening into anupwardly extending vertical passage, a vaporizing-chamber above andindirect communication with the apex end of the fire-pot and of the fullcross-section area of the apex end of the fire-pot,thevaporizing-chamber receiving thereinto to be vaporized a projectedstream of commingled hydrocarbon and superheated steam, anda finalfixing-chamber having communication with the vertical passages of thefire-pot, for drawing the vapor produced in the vaporizing-chamberdownwardly into the incandescent material in the fire-pot to escapetherefrom laterally and enter the lowerend of the final fixing-chamber,thereby increasing the gaseous vapor and adding the heavier material formaintaining the heat of the fire-pot and generator, substantially asdescribed.

2. In a gas-generator, the combination of a conical fire-pot havingbelow its apex end and within the transverse plane of the up-- of thefuel in the fire-pot the gaseous vapors produced in the vaporizingchamber and downwardly drawn into the incandescent material in thefire-pot, checker-workpartly filling and closing-the passages of thefinal fixing-chamber and through which the withdrawn vapor from thefire-pot passes, and an outlet leading from the final fixing-chamber atits, lower end for discharging the permanent gas, substantially asdescribed.

3. Ina gas-generator, the combination of a conical fire-pot havingbelowits apex end andwithin the transverse plane of the upper portionofthe fuel lateral passages each passage opening into an upwardlyextending vertical passage, a vaporizing-chamber above and in directcommunication with the apex end of the fire-pot and of the fullcrosssection area ofthe apex end ofthefire-pot, the vaporizing chamberreceiving thereinto to be vaporized a projected stream of commingledhydrocarbon and superheated steam,

a final fixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizing-chamber and consisting5 of annular passages with the inner passage in communication with thevertical passages of the-firepot forlaterally withdrawing vapor fromwithin the incandescent material into the lower end of, the innerpassage of the fixing chamber, checker-work partly filling and closingeach annular passage of the final fixinga chamber, and an outlet forpermanent gas leading from the lower end of the outermost passage of thefinal fixing-chamber, substantially as described.

4. In a gas-generator, the combination of. a conical fire-pot havingbelow its apex end and within the transverse plane of the upper portionof. the fuel lateral passages each passage opening into anupwardly-extending vertical passage, a vaporizing-chamber above and indirect communication with the apex end of the fire-pot and of the fullcross-section area of the apex end of the fire-pot, the

,vaporizing-chamberreceiving thereinto to be vaporized a projectedstream of commingled hydrocarbon and superheated steam, a final chamberand consisting of annular passages with the inner passage incommunication with the vertical passages of. the fire-pot for laterallywithdrawing vapor from within fixing-chamber surrounding thevaporizingthe incandescent material into the lower end :of the innerpassage of the fixing chamber, checker-work partly filling and closingeach annular passage of thefinal fixingechamber, an outlet for permanentgas.

leading from the lower end of the outermost passage of the finalfixing-chamber, a pipe ,connection leading from the outlet for permanentgas, and a draft-pipe in communica tionwith the pipe connection,substantially as described. j 1

5. In a gas-generator, the combination of ,a conical fire-pot havingbelow its apex-end and within the transverse plane of the upper portionof the fuel lateral passages each passage opening into anupwardly-extending vertical passage, a vaporizing-chamber above theinner passage of the fixing-chamber,

checker-work partly filling and closing each annular passage of thefinal fixing-chamber, an outlet for permanent gas leading from the lowerend of the outermost passage of the final fixing-chamber, a pipeconnection leading from the outlet for permanent gas, a draft-pipe incommunication with the pipe connection, and means for supplyingsuperheated steam and air below the incandescent material in thefire-pot to pass upwardly into the incandescent material and combinewith the hydrocarbon vapors, substantially as described.

6. In a gas-generator, the combination of a conical fire-pot havingbelow its apex end and within the transverse plane of the upper portionof the fuel lateral passages each passage opening into anupwardlyextending vertical passage, a vaporizing-chamber above and indirect communication with the apex end of the fire-pot and of the fullcross-section area of the apex end of the fire-pot, thevaporizing-chamber receiving thereinto to be vaporized a projectedstream of commingled hydrocarbon and superheated steam, a finalfixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizingchamber and consisting ofannular passages with the inner passage in communication with thevertical passages of the fire-pot for laterally withdrawing vapor fromwithin the incandescent material into the lower end of the inner passageof the fixing chamber, checker-work partly filling and closing eachannular passage of the final fixing-chamber, an outlet for permanent gasleading from the lower end of the outermost passage of the finalfixing-chamber, a pipe connection leading from the outlet of the finalfixing-chamber, and a water seal in communication with the pipeconnection, substantially as described.

7 In a gas-generator, the combination of a conical fire-pot having belowits apex end and within the transverse plane of the upper portion of thefuel lateral passages each passage opening into an upwardly-extendingvertical passage, a vaporizing-chamber above and in direct communicationwith the apex end of the fire-pot and of the full cross-section area ofthe apex end of the fire-pot, the vaporizing-chamber receiving thereintoto be vaporized a projected stream of commingled. hydrocarbon andsuperheated. steam, a final fixing-chamber surrounding thevaporizingchamber and consisting of annular passages with the innerpassage in communication with the vertical passages of the fire-pot forlaterally withdrawing vapor from within the incandescent material intothe lower end of the inner passage of the fixingchamber, checker-workpartly filling and closing each annular passage of the finalfixing-chamber, an outlet for permanent gas leading from the lower endof the outermost passage of the final fixing-chamber, a pipe connectionleading from the outlet of the final fixing-chamber, a water seal incommunication with the pipe connection, and a draft-pipe incommunication with the pipe connection, substantially as described.

8. In a gas-generator, the combination of a conical fire-pot havingbelow its apex end and within the transverse plane of the upper portionof the fuel lateral passages each passage opening into anupwardly-extending vertical passage, a vaporizing-chamb er above and indirect communication with the apex end of the fire-pot and of the fullcross-section area of the apex end of the fire-pot, thevaporizingchamber receiving thereinto to be vaporized a projected streamof commingled hydrocarbon and superheated steam, a final fixingchambersurrounding the vaporizing-chamber and consisting of annular passageswith. the inner passage in communication with the vertical passages ofthe fire-pot for laterally withdrawing vapor from within theincandescent material into the lower end of the inner passage of thefixing-chamber, checkerwork partly filling and closing each annularpassage of the final fixing-ch amber, an outlet for permanent gasleading from the lower end of the outermost passage of the finalfixingchamber, means for laterally injecting into the vaporizing-chambercommingled oil and superheated steam, and means for i rojectingcommingled steam and a small quantity of air into the incandescentmaterial from below for combining the vapor of the hydrocarbon and thedisintegrated steam within the incandescent material to pass laterallythere from into the final fixing-chamber, substantially as described.

9. In a gasgenerator, the combination of a conical fire-pot having belowits apex end and within the transverse plane of the upper portion of thefuel lateral passages each passage opening into an upwardly-extendingvertical passage, a vaporizing-chamber above and in direct communicationwith the apex end of the fire-pot and of the full cross-section area ofthe apex end of the fire-pot, the va orizing-chamber receiving thereintoto e vaporized a projected stream of commingled hydrocarbon andsuperheated steam, a final fixing-chamber surrounding thevaporizingchamber and consisting of annular passages with the innerpassage in communication with the vertical passages of the fire-pot forlaterally withdrawing vapor from within the incandescent material intothe lower end of the inner passage of the fixing chamber, checker-workpartly filling and closing each annular passageof the finalfixing-chamber, an outlet for permanent gas leading from the lower endof the outermost passage of the final fixing-chamber, a pipe laterallyentered into the wall of the generator and in communication with thevaporizing-chamber for proj ecting commingled hydrocarbon andsuperheated steam into the vaporizing-chamber, and means for introducingsteam commingled with a small quantity of air into the fuel from belowfor the vapor of the hydrocarbon and the disintegrated steam to combinewith the fuel below the top thereof and pass laterally from within thefuel into the final fixingchamber, substantially as described.

10. In a gas-generator, the combination of a conical fire-pot havingbelow its apex end and within the transverse plane of the upper portionof the fuel lateral passages each passage o ening into anupwardly-extending vertica passage, a vaporizing-chamber above and indirectcommunication with the apex end of the fire-pot and of the fullcross-section area of the apex end of the fire-pot, the

vaporizing-chamber receiving thereinto to be vaporized a projectedstream of commingled hydrocarbon and superheated steam, a finalfixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizingchamber and consisting ofannular passages with the inner passage in communicationwith thevertical passages of the fire-pot for laterally withdrawing vapor fromwithin the incandescent material into the lower end of the inner passageof the fixing-chamber, checker-work artly filling incandescent materialinto the ower end of the inner passage of the fixing-chamber,checker-work partly filling and closing each annular passage of thefinalfixing-chamber, an outlet for permanent gas leading from the lowerend of the outermost passage of the final fixing-chamber, a pipelaterally entered into the'wall of the generator and in communicationwith the vaporizing-chamber for projecting commingled hydrocarbon andsuperheated steam into the vaporizing-chamber, a steam-supply ipe, and adowntake air-conducting pipe ocated in the wall of the generator andleading into the furnace below the grate of the fire-pot for admittingsteam and superheated air under pressure into the fuel from below andcreating a blast for firing the furnace, substantially as described.

11. In a gas-generator, the combination of a fire-pot,vaporizing-chamber starting from air-supply pipe, substantially asdescribed.

the apex end of the fire-pot andleading upward and having a directcommunication with the fire-spot, a final fixing-chamber surrounding thevaporizing-chamber and having communication below the top of the firepotwith the vaporizingchamber, an airsupply pipe, an uptake conducting-pipeleading from the air-supply pipe, a downtake conducting-pipe connectedwith the uptake conducting-pipe and leading into the furnace below thegrate of the fire-pot, for admitting air under pressure into the furnacebelow the fuel and creating a blast for firing the furnace, and a reliefpipe leading upward from the 12. In a gas-generator, the combination ofa fire-pot, a vaporizing-chamber starting from the apex end of thefire-pot and leading upward and having a direct communication with thefire-pot, a final fixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizing-chamber andhaving communication below the top of the firepot with the vaporizingchamber, an airsupply pipe, an uptake conducting-pipe leading from theair-supply pipe, a downtake conducting-pipe connected with the uptakeconductingpipe and leading into the furnace below the grate of thefire-pot for admitting air under pressure into the furnace below thefuel and creating a. blast for firing the furnace, a relief-pipe leadingupward from the air-supply pipe, a steam-supply pipe connected with theuptake air-conducting pipe, for admitting air and steam into the furnacebelow the fire-pot, substantially as described.

13. In a gas-generator, the combination of a fire pot, avaporizingchamber starting from the apex end of the fire-pot and leadingupward and having direct communication with the fire-pot, a finalfixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizing-chamber and havingcommunication below the top of the fire-pot with the vaporizing-chamber,an air-supply pipe delivering air into the furnace below the fire-pot, asteam-supply pipe, an uptake pipe leading from the steam-supply pipe, acoil connected with the uptake steam-pipe and located at the top of andsubjected to the heat of the furnace for superheating steam, a downtakesuperheated-steam pipe connected I I 5 with the coil, a supply-pipe fora liquid hydrocarbon, and a delivery-pipe leading into thevaporizing-chamber and connected with the hydrocarbon-supply pipe andthe superheated-steam-supply pipe, substantially as we described.

14. In a gas-generator, the combination of a fire -pot, a vaporizingchamber starting from the apex end of the fire-pot and leading upwardand having direct communication 125 with the fire-pot, a finalfixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizing-chamber and havingcommunication below the top of the firepot with the vaporizing-chamber,an air-supply pipe leading into the'furnace below the 1 0 fire-pot, asteam-supply pipe connected with the air-supply pipe, an uptake pipeleading from the steam-supply pipe, a coil connected with the uptakesteam-pipe and located at the top of and subjected to the heat of thefurnace for superheating steam, a downtake superheated-steam pipeconnected with the coil and with the air-supply pipe, a supplypipe for aliquid hydrocarbon, a deliverypipe leading into the vaporizing-chamberand connected with the superheated-steam supply pipe and with theliquid-hydrocarbonsupply pipe, substantially as described.

15. In a gas-generator, the combination of a firepot, avaporizing-chamber starting from the apex end of the fire-pot andleading upward and having direct communication with the fire-pot, afinal fixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizing-chamber and hav ingcommunication below the top of the firepot with the vaporizing-chamber,an airsupply pipe leading into the furnace below the fire-pot, asteam-supply pipe connected with the air-supply pipe, an uptake pipeleading from the steam-supply pipe a coil connected with the uptakesteam-pipe and located at the top of and subjected to the-heat of thefurnace for superheating steam, a downtake superheated-steam pipeconnected with the coil and with the air-supply pipe, a supply pipe fora liquid hydrocarbon, a deliverypipe leading into the vaporizing-chamberand connected with the superheated-steamsupply pipe and with theliquid-hydrocarbonsupply pipe, an outlet leading from the final fixingchamber, a connection between the outlet and the water seal, and a waterseal, substantially as described.

16. In a gas-generator, the combination of a fire-pot, avaporizing-chamber starting from the apex end of the fire-pot andleading upward and having direct communication with the fire-pot, afinal fixing-chamber surrounding the vaporizing-chamber and havingcommunication below the top of the fire-pot with thevaporizing-cllamber, an airsupply pipe leading into the furnace belowthe firepot, a steam-supply pipe connected with the air-supply pipe, anuptake pipe leading from the steam-supply pipe, a coil connected withthe uptake steam-pipe and located at the top of and subjected to theheat of the furnace for supcrheating steam, a downtake superheated-steampipe connected with the coil and with the air-supply pipe, a supply-pipefor a liquid hydrocarbon, a delivery-pipe leading into thevaporizing-chainher and connected with the superheatedsteam-supply pipeand with the liquid-hydrocarbon-supply pipe, an outlet leading from thefinal fixing-chamber, a connection between the outlet and the waterseal, a water seal, and a draft-pipe in communication. with .theconnection from the outlet of the final fixing-chamber, substantially asdescribed. GROVE COTI-IRAN. Witnesses OSCAR W. BOND, WALKER BONNING.

